Lubricant coolant solution



Patented Dec. 12, 1950 i LUBRICANT COOLANT SOLUTION Thomas T. Rodgers,Milwaukee, Wis.; Thomas T. Rodgers, Jr., executor of said Thomas T.assignor to Janet W. Rodgers, Milwaukee, Wis.

No Drawing. Application August 2'7, 1945, Serial N0. 613,019

Rodgers, deceased,

"distinguished from emulsions, suitable for lu' bricants or coolants orboth. The composition of this invention is of particular utility whenused as a cutting lubricant and coolant althougnother uses wherelubricit in an aqueous solution is advantageous are of importance.

.An object of this invention is to provide a .composition which may .becaused to flow onto the tool and work during machining and metalcutting. operations, which composition will have the high thermalcapacity and high thermal conductivity characteristic of watercompositions free of emulsified oil but which, nevertheless, possesses ahigh degree of lubricity under extreme pressure conditions, and further,to provide. such a composition in a form which :may be diluted to anydegree which thework may require with :hard water. from ordinaryvsupply. without deleterious interaction with hardness elements containedin such water.

' Heretofore there has been available as .described in my co-pendingapplication Serial No. 482,114 for Aqueous Lubricant, filed April "7,1943, now Patent No. 2,474,325, issued June 28, 1949, compositions ofthe aqueous solution type, as distinguished from emulsions, which posseshigh lubricity and exceptionally high cooling properties. The markedadvantages of such compositions have rendered the "same highly usefulbut the more effective of the same, and 'those' pre- "ferred by reasonof availability and low costol constituent ingredients, suffer thedisadvantage that when diluted as intended in normal usage with hardwater they form undesirable gummy precipitates which adhere to the workand the machinery with which they are employed and which deprive thecomposition iii-part of its essential lubricity. The composition of thisinvention, on the other hand, is composed of plentifully available lowcost ingredients and while preserving all of the advantages of thecompositions heretofore known, possesses the distinctly advantageousproperty of not forming insoluble products by interaction with theordinary water hard.- ness elements.

The composition of this invention consists of a lubricant coolantsolution in water of a substance ,formed by chemical reaction between asubstituted paraffin hydrocarbon containing from 2 Claims. (01.25.2-49.3)

10-30 carbon atoms and in which more than one v hydrogenatom has beenreplaced by a halogen, and a polyamine containing two or more andpreferably not over six itrogeng-roups of which at least two are primaryamine groups. Preferably, the halogenated hydrocarbon and polyaminesubstances are caused to react with one; another inroughlyegui-molarproportions by simply mixing suchsubsta-nces and maintainingthe reacting mixture at an appropriate temperature until the reaction issubstantiallycomplete. The reaction may be carried forward under anysuitable pressure having regard for the volatility of the reactingingredients and products formed. In many cases it is possible to carryforwardthe reaction at atmospheric pressure, 'but in. some cases wherethe substances involved are execs.- sively volatile at the temperaturesrequired,-pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure may-,beadvantageously resorted to.

The general character of the reaction which takes place appears toconsist of the combining of one terminal primary amine group with acarbon atom of the hydrocarbon chainto which a halogen atom is attached.As a result, elimination of halogen acid occurs which, being set free,then reacts with the second terminal primary amine group to form ahydro-halogen linkage therewith. The course by which the bulk'of thereaction product. arrives in the condition indicated cannot be describedin detail, but thereaction afterprogressing actively for a time ceasesand a comparatively stable reaction Lprodiict which is believed to havethefindicatedstructure results. The reaction product formed in..,-t hismanner is substantially completely soluble in water and a comparativelysmall amount of water is sufficient to dissolve a comparatively largeamount of such product. Week to moderately strong solutions thereof, sayfrom /zo% to 20% by weight. in water, have distinctly valuableproperties when used as a cutting coolant, the very weakest of saidsolutions being best adapted for grinding coolants. The lubricity ofmore con centrated solutions, say .=from 20% to by Weight of reactionproduct and the restwater, still is ver pronounced but for obviousreasons of cost such concentrated solutions will find little directapplication, although at times concentrations offrom to 50% by weight ofthe reaction product in water may be used as a lubricant and coolant.For purposes of packaging, shipment and distribution, however, theconcentrated solutions are highly useful, since suchconcentrates may behandled with ease and then diluted with ordinary water supply availableat the point of use.

The reacting ingredients and the product formed thereby are defined bythe following en where, X=halogen R=carbon hydrogen structure ofparaflin, nznumber of halogens greater than one,'m=an'y number less thana, R" a ny structure to'which at least two primary amine groups areattached. I A large number of substances come within the general classas above defined and by way of illustrative instances thereof thefollowing ex amples are given.

intended to be diluted on usage. homogeneous solution will resultwithout forma- V 1 Example 1 tion of any apparent precipitate orundissolved residue.

A concentrate, as above prepared, when diluted with 10 volumes'ofordinary tap water and tested in accordance with the standard Falex testmay be expected to yield the following results:

Shear, 4400 lb.

Torque, 70 lb.

Corrosion, none Foam, after 10 min. Wear, 12'! at 1500 lb. load Theabove test results indicate a high degree of lubricity particularlyunder extreme pressure conditions. The composition thus prepared whenapplied to the tool and work in an ordinary machining operation may beexpected to permit a high rate of removal of heat and an exceptionallyhigh rate of metal removal while at the same time exercising sufficientlubricating effect to produce a finish on the work of superior characterconsidering the rate of machining maintained. An

other important advantage of the properties of this composition whenthus employed is that tool life is greatly extended. If desired, asubstantial proportion of excess or uncombined polyamine may be retainedin the composition. While the composition diluted as described for thetest contained about of reaction product, other dilutions of from 25 to20% will be found useful for coolant-lubricant purposes.

- Otherhalogen substitutedparafilnhydrocarbons may be employed in wholeor in part, alone or in mixtures, in the place of those specificallmentioned as long as they come within the general definition ofCnH(2n+2Q)XQ where C is carbon,

H is hydrogen, n is a number between and 30,

Q is a number from 2 to and X is a halogen.

To name but a few of these specifically, there are di, tri, tetra,penta, hexa, octa and deca; chlor, brom, iodo and fluoro; dodecane,penta decane, eicosane, heneicosane, docosane, tricosane, tetracosane,pentacosane, hexacosane, nonacosane, melissane or their isomers andmixtures of the same.

Following the general procedure as outlined above, reaction products maybe formed using approximately equi-molar proportions of the chlorparafiin above named and triethylene tetra amine, diethylene triamine 0rethylene diamine in whole or in part for tetra-ethylene pentamine.Pentaethylene hexamine also may be employed but to a certain extent theadvantageous characteristics of this invention are substantiallydiminished in this case although still present to a'substantial extent.Amines of greater complexity may to some extent be useful. Here again,if desired, an excess of the polyamine may be employed.

Example 2 grams of brom paraflln having the approximate composition ofCl5H29B1'3 may be mixed with 33 grams of triethylene tetra amine and themixture subjected to heating at 100-150 Cent. for upwards of one-halfhour. There will be formed a reaction product apparently completelysoluble in hard water. Dilution with water to the same extent as inExample 1 will form solutions of high lubricity. The other aminesmentioned in Example 1 may be substituted in whole or in part for thetriethylene tetra amine.

The substances formed in accordance with this invention may bechemically modified without depriving them of their majorcharacteristics for the purpose intended by introduction of otherradicals into the molecular structure. For this purpose, sulphur orsulphur containing radicals, nitrogen, hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone andother well-known modifying radicals may be resorted to to influence thestability, effect upon corrosion, surface or other properties orlubricity of the finished composition.

The amount of halogen contained in the paraifin molecule may vary withinwide limits but I have found the preferable range to be from 35% to 70halogen by weight in the molecule. Within this range the substancescontaining from 40% to 43% halogen are usually the most desirable bothfrom the standpoint of the ease of the formation of the same and fromthe standpoint of the performance of compositions made therefrom ascoolant lubricant compositions.

I claim:

1. A lubricant coolant solution consisting of from /w% to 50% by weightof a substance defined by the formula wherein R represents carbonhydrogen structure of parafiin, X represents halogen, n a number ofhalogen atoms greater than one, m represents a number less than n, and Ran alkylene polyamine having at least two primary amine groups, saidsubstance being contained in solution in water.

2. A concentrate adapted to be diluted with water to form a lubricantcoolant solution consisting of at least 50% by weight of a substancedefined by the formula wherein R represents carbon hydrogen structure ofparaffin, X represents halogen, n a number of halogen atoms greater thanone, m represents 'a number less than n, and R an alkylene polyaminehaving at least two primary amine groups, said substance being containedin solution in water.

THOMAS T. RODGERS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,223,129 Prutton Nov. 26, 19402,214,352 Schoeller et al. Sept. 10, 1940 2,242,223 Bley May 20, 19412,244,712 Kyrides June 10, 1941 2,267,204 Kyrides Dec. 23, 19412,276,309 Hummel et al Mar. 17, 1942 2,344,016 Anderson Mar. 14, 19442,4.910 Reamer .....4........ Sept, 7, 1948

1. A LUBRICANT COOLANT SOLUTION CONSISTING OF FROM 2/10% TO 50% BYWEIGHT OF A SUBSTANCE DEFINED BY THE FORMULA RX(N-M)M(NHR''NH2HX)WHEREIN R REPRESENTS CARBON HYDROGEN STRUCTURE OF PARAFFIN, X REPRESENTSHALOGEN, N A NUMBER OF HALOGEN ATOMS GREATER THAN ONE, M REPRESENTS ANUMBER LESS THAN N, AND R'' AN ALKYLENE POLYAMINE HAVING AT LEAST TWOPRIMARY AMINE GROUPS, SAID SUBSTANCE BEING CONTAINED IN SOLUTION INWATER.